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How Long Does Alcohol Stay in Your System?

  • Reviewed by: Dr. Carl Williams, Ph.D., LCADC
  • Modified:
  • Reading Time: 17 minutes
  • Reviewed by: Dr. Carl Williams, Ph.D., LCADC
  • Last Update:
  • Reading Time: 17 minutes

Learn about the factors that affect alcohol metabolism, its short and long-term effects on your body, and practical tips to manage your alcohol consumption.

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Alcohol in your sysytem

Alcohol is one of the most common drugs used worldwide. It greatly affects many cultures and impacts overall well-being.

In the United States, more people aged twelve and older have used alcohol in the past year than any other drug or tobacco product. Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among this age group. Moreover, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common kind of drug use problem in the entire country.

A 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) indicates that 28.9 million persons aged 12 and older (10.2% of this population) suffered alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the preceding year. This figure includes:

  • 16.8 million men aged 12 and above (12.1% of this demographic).
  • 12.0 million females aged 12 and above (8.3% of this demographic).

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More About Alcoholism

Alcohol & It's Effects

What is Alcohol?

From a scientific view, alcohol is a group of compounds. These compounds form when oxygen and hydrogen atoms connect with a carbon atom. In alcoholic drinks, alcohol is the substance that affects your body each time you consume it.

Generally, alcohol refers to drinks such as:
  • Wine.
  • Spirits such as whiskey.
  • Beer.

Beer, wine, and spirits contain an ethanol chemical responsible for the effects you experience when you consume them. Alcohol is a legally sanctioned drug that is considered a powerful depressant.

How Does Alcohol Affect the Body?

You may already comprehend that excessive alcohol use can harm you in several ways. It may result in weight gain for some people. Additionally, there is a higher risk of injury from careless choices linked to heavy alcohol use, like drunk driving. Let’s not forget about the inevitable hangovers, either.

Excessive alcohol use can lead to serious health problems. These include brain damage, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and some cancers. Drinking can also strain relationships and increase the risk of debt and legal issues.

Even modest alcohol intake may affect bodily functions. Alcohol is a depressant. It works like other chemicals in this group by blocking communication between the central nervous system and the body. This implies that drinking alcohol may impair your body’s capacity to function at its best.

What Are the Short-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body?

The immediate effects of a single event of excessive alcohol consumption may include but are not limited to:

  • Memory blackouts.
  • Changes in behavior that often lead to risky or aggressive tendencies.
  • Diminished inhibitions.
  • Potential for alcohol poisoning.
  • Impaired judgment and coordination.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Incidents and accidents.
  • Arguments with others.
  • Alcohol-induced hangover symptoms like headaches and dehydration.

The strength of these effects often depends on how much is consumed. However, factors like hydration and eating habits also play a big role in what happens next.

Hangover

An alcohol-related hangover is a cluster of adverse symptoms that arise after excessive drinking. The way your body metabolizes alcohol affects how severe it is. Alcohol causes many hangover-related responses, such as:

  • Expanding blood vessels.
  • Immune system inflammation.
  • Stomach lining irritation.
  • Frequent urination and dehydration.
  • Blood sugar drops.

Your hangover symptoms may vary based on the kind and quantity of alcohol consumed, and it can include:

  • Fatigue.
  • Thirst.
  • Nausea.
  • Weakness.
  • Headache.
  • Muscle soreness.
  • Rapid heartbeat.
  • Increased blood pressure.
  • Dizziness or vertigo.
  • Dry mouth and eyes.
  • Sensitivity to light and noise.
  • Trembling or shivering.
  • Anxiety, excessive gloom (depression), and irritability.
  • Restless or disrupted sleep.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Poor focus.

Most hangovers often occur when the amount of alcohol in the blood nears zero and generally lasts for little more than 24 hours before subsiding on their own. You are more likely to have hangovers or heightened symptoms if you:

  • Drink while hungry; having a meal before and during drinking is best.
  • Use other substances in conjunction with alcohol, such as nicotine-based products.
  • Do not get sufficient sleep after alcohol, as it can negatively affect your ability to recover.
  • Use darker spirits, like rum, brandy, or whiskey.
  • If hangovers consistently interfere with your relationships, employment, or everyday activities, consider discussing alcohol use reduction with an addiction specialist.

What Are the Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body?

There is a clear link between alcohol use and alcohol-related cancers. Drinking more alcohol, especially over time, raises the risk. These long-term health-related hazards include:

Cardiovascular (heart) health risks: Drinking too much alcohol for a long time or even just once can harm the heart and blood vessels. This can lead to problems like:

  • Cardiomyopathy: This is a heart condition characterized by the weakening and dilation of cardiac muscle.
  • Hypertension or high blood pressure.
  • Arrhythmias: abnormal heart rhythm.
  • A stroke.

Cognitive Complications or Brain Health Risks: Long-term alcohol use can hurt how well we remember and understand information. It can also affect our behavior. Long-term misuse of alcohol may result in:

  • Loss of grey matter.
  • Brain shrinkage.
  • Loss of white matter.

Liver Damage Risks: The liver is a strong organ, but drinking alcohol for a long time can overwhelm it. This raises the risk of:

  • Cirrhosis.
  • Alcoholic hepatitis.
  • Fibrosis.
  • Fatty liver (steatosis).
  • Liver cancer.

Pancreatic Health Risks: The pancreas performs various critical functions, including secreting digesting enzymes and exocrine hormones that regulate glucose levels.

Alcohol consumption causes the metabolism of chemicals that are harmful to your pancreas. It may eventually lead to pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is an excruciating and even lethal infection of the pancreas.

Compromised Immune System Risks: Ethanol can hinder the body’s ability to defend itself or fight against infections and diseases effectively.

Cancer Risks: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) says that many scientists agree alcohol use raises the risk of certain cancers. The National Toxicology Program is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It lists alcohol as a known human carcinogen in its Report on Carcinogens. Common cancers in people who have been drinking for a long time include:

  • Liver.
  • Colon and rectum.
  • Voice box (larynx).
  • Breast (in women).
  • Mouth and throat.
  • Esophagus.

Drinking three or more alcoholic drinks each day can raise your risk of pancreatic and stomach cancers. Some studies support this finding. Alcohol use could also elevate the risk of developing prostate cancer if you are a male heavy drinker. There is a connection between cancer and all alcoholic beverages, including beer, white and red wine, and even liquor.

Long-term heavy drinking raises the risk of cancer because the body breaks it down into a chemical that destroys DNA. This DNA is the “instruction guide” for cellular growth and function. Damaged cells may divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Drinking alcohol

How Long Does Alcohol Stay in Your Urine, Hair, Blood & Saliva

How Long Does Alcohol Stay in Your System For?

The rate of alcohol metabolism in your body, together with the amount of time ingested, determines its duration in your system. During consumption, your body digests a large amount of alcohol more quickly than most other drugs.

When a person drinks alcohol, it first goes into the mouth. Then, it travels down the esophagus to the stomach. This is where the body starts to break it down.

Small blood vessels in the stomach absorb approximately 20% of alcohol, which then enters the circulation. The rest will move into your small intestine. There, many blood vessels help absorb the remaining 80%.

Upon entering the bloodstream, alcohol travels throughout the body, making it detectable by different tests. The duration of alcohol detection by various tests depends on the type of alcohol testing you are subjected to. Urine tests can detect alcohol for up to 80 hours, while a blood test may detect alcohol for up to 12 hours. Additionally, hair follicle testing can reveal alcohol use up to 90 days after consumption.

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Test Method Detection Time Notes
Blood Tests
Eliminated at 0.015 BAC/hour; ~5.5 hours for 0.08 BAC
It may remain the next day for heavy drinkers or on an empty stomach.
Urine Tests
Up to 80 hours (3-4 days)
Sensitivity varies by the test used.
Breath Tests
Up to 24 hours
Commonly used in breathalyzer tests.
Hair Tests
Up to 90 days
Can detect long-term alcohol use.
Breast Milk
As long as it is in the blood
There is no need to "pump and dump" to eliminate alcohol.
Saliva Tests
10-24 hours
Detects trace amounts post-drinking.

What Factors Affect How Long Alcohol Stays in Your System?

The time alcohol stays in your system is not the same for everyone. Its elimination rate depends on several factors, including:

The drugs you use: Most prescription and even non-prescription medications can interact badly with alcohol. This affects how quickly alcohol leaves the body.

Health conditions: Dysfunctions in the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tract may impair the body’s capacity to metabolize alcohol effectively.

Age: As we get older, our ability to metabolize alcohol generally decreases.

Sex: Research reveals that women often have a prolonged alcohol metabolism duration relative to males. Men and women react to alcoholic beverages in different ways. Women generally often have more diminutive physical stature than men and experience intoxication more rapidly.

Women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that helps break down alcohol. This leads to alcohol staying in their bodies longer. On average, men have 40 percent more of this enzyme than women. Furthermore, women often have more fat in their bodies, reducing the lean body mass available to disperse alcohol concentration.

Body size: Alcohol is water-soluble. A lower water content means a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC). People who are shorter in height tend to have less water in their bodies, which affects how alcohol is distributed in the bloodstream.

Since alcohol mixes well with water, people with less water in their bodies will have a higher BAC. This can happen even if they drink the same amount of alcohol as larger individuals. Their bodies metabolize alcohol less efficiently, which may lead to reduced elimination rates.

How Does Your Body Process Alcohol?

ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) are the main enzymes that process alcohol. Initially, ADH interacts with ethanol to produce acetaldehyde, a toxic and known carcinogen. This is further broken down by ALDH into acetate. Acetate is then changed into water and carbon dioxide to be removed from the body.

About 20–45% of the alcohol we drink passes through the mouth. It then goes to the stomach and the small intestine. There, it quickly enters the bloodstream.

Food can affect how alcohol is absorbed. It can hold onto some alcohol, which lowers its contact with the stomach lining. This also slows down how quickly alcohol moves to the duodenum, where absorption happens fast.

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Overview of Alcohol Intoxication

What Are the Signs of Alcohol Intoxication?

Alcohol intoxication occurs when you consume an excessive amount of alcohol in a single drinking session. Intoxication happens when you drink too much. Your body cannot handle the alcohol and its byproducts. This happens after a recent drink.

The level of acute alcohol intoxication depends on many factors. However, the main negative effects that doctors notice are problems with the brain, digestive system, and heart. These issues are often connected to blood alcohol content.

Your BAC determines your level of intoxication from alcohol use. In the US, a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10 (one-tenth of one percent) indicates the presence of 0.10 grams of alcohol in every 100 mL of blood. In the United States, a standard drink is 14 grams (or 0.6 fluid oz) of pure alcohol. This corresponds to the standard amount included in different alcoholic beverages:

  • 12 fluid ounces of beer with an alcohol content of 5%.
  • Five fluid ounces of wine with a 12% alcohol content.
  • 1.5 fluid ounces of distilled spirits with a 40% alcohol content.

What Are the Physical Signs of Alcohol Intoxication?

Several behavioral and physiological signs may indicate that someone is intoxicated. Physical signs that are often seen include:

  • Breathing Changes: You may experience irregular or slow breathing.
  • Coordination Problems: You might find it hard to walk straight, keep your balance, or do small tasks with your hands.
  • Dehydration: A dry mouth or feeling thirsty could be signs you need water.
  • Slurred Speech: Your words could come out unclear or sound jumbled.
  • Bloodshot eyes: You may notice redness or drooping eyelids.
  • Flushed Skin: Your face might look warm and red.
  • Nausea or Vomiting: You could feel a bit queasy, which might lead to throwing up.

What Are the Behavioral Signs of Alcohol Intoxication?

  • Euphoria: You might feel super social, excited, or overly happy.
  • Aggression or irritability: Emotions can run high, leading to mood swings or feeling easily annoyed.
  • Impaired judgment: You may struggle to make intelligent choices, take risks, or accurately judge situations.
  • Memory impairment: Forgetting recent events or conversations can sometimes lead to blackouts.
  • Reduced Inhibition: You might act in ways that don’t quite feel like you or are a bit out of line socially.
  • Lethargy: Feeling unusually tired or drowsy can set in, making it hard to stay alert.
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Supporting Your Body in Eliminating Alcohol

How Can You Speed Up the Process of Eliminating Alcohol from Your System?

There is no rapid solution to reduce your blood alcohol content. The liver needs time to metabolize and eliminate alcohol from your bloodstream. Some tactics can help you feel more alert, but they won’t speed up how fast alcohol leaves your body. There may not be a magic bullet for becoming sober, but you can take steps to give yourself a more alert and sober appearance.

Can Drinking Water Help Sober You Up?

When you need to wash away alcohol, water is your best friend. Drinking plenty of water can help your body recover faster and eliminate alcohol toxins more efficiently. So, go ahead and sip some water!

What Other Methods Can Help You Eliminate Alcohol from Your System?

Along with drinking plenty of water, you might want to try these tips. They can help you sober up quickly or lessen the effects of alcohol on your body for a short time:

Eat Nutritious Foods

Eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals can boost your metabolism. This helps break down the alcohol you drink. This means that you should eat foods with fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These foods help your body get the nutrients it needs for muscle recovery.

Get Some Rest

One thing that should not be underrated is getting a good night’s sleep. SLEEP is necessary to allow your body to regain energy and strength quickly and repair damaged brain cells. However, it is essential to note that for some individuals, blood alcohol concentration may rise during sleep. If you continue to drink excessively before bed, you should be concerned because you may suffer from alcohol poisoning.

Exercise

Getting active might make you feel more aware and invigorated. Exercise is one of the techniques that works, especially during alcohol withdrawal. It is not only a healthy way of life but also essential for long-term alcohol rehabilitation.

Exercise during withdrawal:

  • Boosts Your Mood: Exercise is a great way to lift your spirits. It can help reduce feelings of depression during withdrawal.
  • Enhances Immunity: Consistent exercise may bolster your immune system, promoting better health.
  • Aids Craving Management: Regular exercise, such as jogging, going to the gym, playing sports, or taking long walks in nature, can help reduce cravings. It can also keep you distracted from wanting to drink alcohol. It can also distract you from wanting to drink alcohol.
  • Enhances Confidence: Regular physical activity may elevate self-esteem and foster a feeling of achievement.
  • Improves Sleep: Physical activity may enhance sleep quality, increasing restfulness.

Coffee

Although it may temporarily increase your energy and alertness, caffeine does not truly weaken alcohol in your body. Staying awake does not mean you are no longer drunk.

Cold Showers

While it might help to pinch you to be more awake for some time, a cold shower will not reduce your BAC. This should be done cautiously, especially if you are too intoxicated because cold water has its risks. If you want to try this, it is a good idea to tell someone nearby. This way, you can keep communicating with them while you take the cold shower.

So, while you can’t rush the process of sobering up, these strategies can help you feel a bit more like yourself as you wait for your body to eliminate alcohol on its own.

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Calculating Your Blood Alcohol Concentration

How Can You Determine If You Are Safe to Drive After Drinking Alcohol?

Some people think they can drive after drinking, but everyone knows it’s wrong. One drink? That seems fine.

Two? Maybe that’s still acceptable. But three? That’s starting to cross the line regarding getting behind the wheel.

In the table below, you will see signs that you, a friend, a stranger, or even a police officer can look for. These signs can help decide if you have had too much to drink to drive.

Sign of Intoxication Description Action Examples
Slurred Speech
Difficulty pronouncing words clearly, often unnoticed by the speaker.
Ask a sober friend or bartender for feedback.
Balance and coordination issues
Feeling dizzy or unsteady; stumbling or bumping into objects.
Consult a friend, a kind stranger, for an unbiased opinion.
Slowed Reaction Time
Slower than normal response to a situation, questions, etc.
Seek feedback from others about your alertness.
Unusual speech patterns
Speaking too quickly, too slowly, too loudly, or too softly; what feels "normal" to you may seem off to others.
Have a friend observe your speech for abnormalities.
Memory Issues
Impaired concentration and short-term memory; difficulty recalling recent conversations or events.
Ask a friend for help with testing your recall about recent topics.
Field sobriety tests (use by the police)
Simple tasks like reciting the alphabet, walking a straight line, or touching your nose with your finger. NB: Struggling indicates impairment.
Have a friend conduct these self-assessment tests.
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Test, Walk-and-Turn Test, One-Leg Stand Test, Finger-to-Nose Test, Romberg Balance Test.
Use of phone apps
Technology can help assess sobriety and promote responsible drinking choices.
Try using apps like these as an additional layer of assessment to gain more insight into your intoxication level.
AlcoDroid: Logs drinks and estimates BAC, BACtrack: Provides real-time BAC readings, Uber/Lyft: Quick rides home, DrinkCount: Tracks drink count, Local Transit Apps: Safe transport alternatives.

NB: Mobile apps are becoming powerful tools for promoting responsible drinking and preventing drunk driving.

They provide features such as:
  • Tracking and Monitoring: Apps like AlcoDroid allow users to log their consumption and visualize drinking habits.
  • BAC Calculators: Apps like BACtrack estimate your BAC based on logged drinks or breath tests.
  • Ride-sharing Integration: Services like Uber and Lyft facilitate easy transportation home after drinking.
  • Personalized Notifications: Reminders to stay within limits.
  • Community Support: Connects users for motivation and advice.

These apps help users make informed decisions and support safer choices. However, they should not be seen as a replacement for human (professional) assessments.

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What Are the Legal Limits for Blood Alcohol Concentration?

Your BAC measures how much alcohol is in your bloodstream after you drink. It can go as high as 0.4%, which is considered quite dangerous, or as low as 0%, indicating a sober state.

When you drink alcohol faster than your liver can process it, your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) goes up. This leads to feelings of euphoria or intoxication.

The liver generally metabolizes around one standard drink each hour. A typical drink comprises about 1.5 oz of liquor. For wine, it is 5 oz and 12 oz of beer.

If you’re above 21, you may legally drive in most states with a BAC of up to 0.08%. Utah, however, has a lower restriction that reduces it to 0.05%. However, keep in mind that the law can change. You should always be aware of any updates and ready to follow them.

How Can You Calculate Your Blood Alcohol Concentration?

The Widmark formula is most commonly used to estimate the BAC level. It is a math equation that calculates how much pure alcohol is needed. This amount raises a person’s blood alcohol level to a specific point, based on their gender.

Calculating Your BAC with the Widmark’s Formula

Step #1: The Formula to Use:

  • Divide the alcohol dosage by (body weight in grams × gender constant).
  • To calculate the BAC percentage, multiply the result by 100.

            BAC=Alcohol Consumed (gramsBody Weitht (grams)×r

Where r is the gender constant:

0.55 for Female

0.68 for Males

Step #2: Count Standard Drinks: Use standard drink sizes:

  • 1.5 oz of distilled spirits (80-proof) = one standard drink
  • 12 oz. beer (5% alcohol) = one standard drink
  • 5 oz wine (12% alcohol) = one standard drink

NB: In the US, a standard drink contains approximately 14 grams of alcohol.

Step #3: Calculate Alcohol Dose: Multiply the number of standard drinks by 14 grams to get the total alcohol consumed.

Step #4: Weight Conversion: Convert your body weight from pounds to grams (1 pound = 454 grams).

Step #5: Apply the Formula:

            BAC=Alcohol Consumed (grams). Body Weight (grams)×r

                Where r is:

              0.55 for a woman

              0.68 for a man

Step #6: Adjust for Time (if applicable):

NB: The liver metabolizes alcohol at 0.015% per hour. The percentage denotes the speed at which your BAC decreases after attaining its maximum level. This rate is invariant, as it is the same no matter the size, gender, or shape of your body.

Adjusted BAC=BAC−(elapsed time in hours×0.015)

Example

For a 120-pound woman consuming four 1.5-ounce drinks over five hours:

  • Total alcohol: 4 drinks × 14 grams = 56 grams.
  • Body weight in grams: 120 lbs × 454 = 54,480 grams.
  • BAC calculation:

BAC=Alcohol Consumed (gramsBody Weitht (grams)×r

                Where r is 0.55 for Females

BAC=5654, 480×0.55 100 0.186

Adjust for Time:

BAC=Alcohol Consumed (gramsBody Weitht (grams)×r-t×0.015

Where t is 5 (for this example)

Adjusted BAC=0.186−(5×0.015) =0.186−0.075=0.111

After five hours, the final BAC is approximately 0.111.

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We offer a personalized and combined approach to treating alcohol dependency, opiate dependency, heroin dependency, benzodiazepine dependency, prescription drug dependency, and other substance dependencies.

Our new and effective treatment methods will help you take control of your life. We will guide you on your path to recovery. Contact us via our helpline at 973-606-9170. We are here to support you; you need not confront this problem alone.

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Written By:

Geoffrey Andaria

Geoffrey Andaria mental health writer at rolling hills recovery center
Rolling Hills Recovery Center

Mental Health Writer

About Author:

Geoffrey Andaria is an experienced mental health content writer and editor. With a B.A. in English and Journalism, Geoffrey is highly educated in freelance articles and research. Having taken courses on social work, Geoffrey is adamant about providing valuable and educational information to individuals affected by mental health and the disease of addiction.

Medically Reviewed By:

Dr. Carl Williams Ph.D., LCADC

Carl Williams, medical content reviewer at rolling hills recovery center
Rolling Hills Recovery Center

Expert Contributor

About Reviewer:

Dr. Williams presently serves on the board of Directors for two non-profit service organizations. He holds a Master’s degree in Human Services from Lincoln University, Philadelphia, Pa, and a Ph.D. with a concentration in Clinical Psychology from Union Institute and University. In Cincinnati, Ohio. He is licensed to practice addictions counseling in both New Jersey and Connecticut and has a pending application as a practicing Psychologist in New Jersey.

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